“Doc, How Long Will I Live With My Type 1 Diabetes?”

Type 1 diabetics diagnosed in childhood and born between 1965 and 1980 have an average life expectancy of 68.8 years.  That compares to a lifespan average of 53.4 years for those born between 1950 and 1964.  The figures are based on Pittsburgh, PA, residents and published in a recent issue of Diabetes.

Elizabeth Hughes, one of the very first users of insulin injections, lived to be 73.  She started on insulin around 1922.

Average overall life expectancy in the U.S. is 78.2 years—roughly 76 for men and 81 for women.

Don’t be too discouraged if you have diabetes: you have roughly a 50:50 chance of beating the averages, and medical advances will continue to lengthen lifespan.

Steve Parker, M.D.

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New Analysis Finds Low-Carb Diets Reduce Heart Disease Risk Factors

Obesity Reviews just published details of a recent meta-analyis of low-carbohydrate diet effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to study the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors (search performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus databases). A total of 23 reports, corresponding to 17 clinical investigations, were identified as meeting the pre-specified criteria.

Over a thousand obese patients were involved.  By eating low-carb, average body weight decreased by 7 kg (15 lb), body mass index dropped by 2, blood pressure dropped by 3-4 mmHg, triglycerides decreased by 30 mg/dl, hemoglobin A1c dropped by 0.21% (absolute decrease), insulin levels fell by 2.23 micro IU/ml, while HDL cholesterol rose by 1.73 mg/dl.  LDL cholesterol didn’t change.

The authors conclusion:

Low-carboydrate diet was shown to have favourable effects on body weight and major cardiovascular risk factors; however the effects on long-term health are unknown.

I haven’t see the full text of the article yet, so I don’t know the carbohydrate level under review.  I bet it’s under 50 g of digestible carb daily.  My Low-Carb Mediterranean Diet starts at 20-30 grams a day.

Steve Parker, M.D.

Reference:  Santos, F.L., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity Reviews. Article first published online: 20 AUG 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01021.x

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Six Weeks of Hillfit

Last January I wrote a favorable review of Chris Highcock’s Hillfit strength training program for hikers.  A few months ago I actually followed the the program for six weeks, and I still like it.  It’s an eye-opener.

See my prior review for details of the program.  Briefly, you do four exercises (requiring no special equipment) for fifteen minutes twice a week.  Who doesn’t have time for that?

Wanna arm wrestle?

I did modify the program a bit.  I included high-intensity intervals on a treadmill twice weekly, right after my Hillfit exercises.  Here’s the 15-minute treadmill workout: 3 minute warm-up at 5.3 mph, then one minute fast jogging at 7–8 mph, then one minute of easy jog at 5.3 mpg. Alternate fast and slow running like that for 6 cycles.  So my total workout time was 30 minutes twice weekly.

Why the treadmill HIIT (high intensity interval training)?  For endurance.  I’m still not convinced that strength training alone is adequate for the degree of muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance I want.  I’m not saying it isn’t adequate.  That’s a self-experiment for another day.  In 2013, I’m planning to hike Arizona’a Grand Canyon rim to rim with my son’s Boy Scout troop.  That’s six or eight miles down, sleep-over, then six or eight  miles back up the other side of the canyon.  That takes strength and endurance.

One part of the program I wasn’t good at: Chris recommends taking about 10 seconds to complete each exercise motion.  For example, if you’re doing a push-up, take 10 seconds to go down to the horizontal position, and 10 seconds to return up to starting position with arms fully extended.  I forgot to do it that slowly, taking five or six seconds each way instead.

I’ve preached about the benefits of baseline and periodic fitness measurements.  Here are mine, before and after six weeks of Hillfit and treadmill HIIT:

  • weight: no real change (168 lb or 76.2 kg rose to 170 lb or 77.3 kg)
  • body mass index: no change (23.3)
  • resting heart rate and blood pressure: not done
  • maximum consecutive push-ups: 30 before, 34 after
  • maximum consecutive pull-ups: 7 before, 8 after
  • maximum consecutive sit-ups: 30 before, 37 after
  • time for one-mile walk/run: 8 minutes and 45 seconds before, down to 8 minutes and 35 seconds after
  • vertical jump (highest point above ground I can jump and touch): 108.75 inches or 276 cm before, to 279.5 cm after
  • waist circumference: no real change (92 cm standing/87 cm supine before, 92.5 cm standing/87.5 cm supine after)
  • biceps circumference: no real change (33 cm left and 33.5 cm right before; 33 cm left and 33 cm right after)
  • calf circumference: 39.5 cm left and 39 cm right, before; 38.5 cm left and 37 cm right, after (not the same child measuring me both times)
  • toe touch (stand and lock knees, bend over at waist to touch toes: 7.5 inches (19 cm) above ground before, 8.5 inches (22 cm) after

If these performance numbers seem puny to you, please note that I’m 57-years-old.  I’m not sure exactly where I stand among others my age, but I suspect I’m in the top half.  I’m fit enough to be in the U.S. Army (I’m not in it, however).  I’m sure I could do much better if I put in the time and effort.  My goal right now is to achieve or maintain a reasonable level of fitness without the five hours a week of exercise recommended by so may public health authorities.

Take-Home Points

Overall, this program improved my level of fitness over six weeks, with a minimal time commitment.  I credit Hillfit for the gains in push-ups, pull-ups, sit-ups, and perhaps vertical jump.

My time on the one-mile run didn’t improve much, if at all.  This fits with my preconceived notion that strength training might not help me with leg muscle  and cardiopulmonary endurance.

The Hillfit exercise progressions involve adding weights to a backpack (aka rucksack or knapsack) before you start the exercise.  I’m already up to 80 lb (36 kg) extra weight on the modified row, and 85 lb (39 kg) on the hip extensions.  That’s getting unwieldy and straining the seams of my backpack.  I can’t see going much higher with those weights.

I expect I could easily maintain my current level of fitness by continuing Hillfit and HIIT treadmill work at my current levels of intensity.  In only one hour per week.  Not bad at all.

It’s possible I could get even stronger if I stuck to the program longer, or slowed down my movements to the recommended 10 seconds each way.

The key to muscle strength gain with Hillfit seems to be working the muscles steadily, to near-exhaustion over 90 seconds, gradually adding a higher work load as the days or weeks pass.

I’m setting Hillfit aside for now, only because I want to start a new self-experiment.

Hillfit is an excellent time-efficient strength training program for those with little resistance-training background, or for those at low to moderate levels of current fitness.

Steve Parker, M.D.

Note to self:

When doing a mile run on the treadmill, I tend to start out too fast, then burn out and have to slow down.  That may be impairing my performance.  Next time, start at 7 mph for a couple minutes then try to increase speed.  Running a mile at 7 mph takes nine minutes.  A mile at 7.5 mph takes 8 minutes.  A mile at 8 mph takes 7 minutes and 30 seconds.

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Quote of the Day

A general dissolution of principles and manners will more surely overthrow the liberties of America than the whole force of the common enemy. While the people are virtuous they cannot be subdued; but when once they lose their virtue then will be ready to surrender their liberties to the first external or internal invader.

             —Samuel Adams, 1779

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Cinnamon for Diabetes? It May Work, But Just Barely

In a meta-analysis…

Cinnamon lowered A1C by 0.09%, versus the usual 1% with medication. [Given that] A1c reflects overall glucose trends, cinnamon doesn’t look that impressive. Even at the extreme of the confidence interval, cinnamon has, at best, 10% of the efficacy of drug treatments. At worst, it’s completely ineffective.

One tasty component of a Cinnabon cinnamon roll

See all the wonky details in a post by pharmacist Scott Gavura at Science-Based Medicine.  I would only add that average changes in blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c in clinical studies don’t necessarily apply to an individual; some folks may respond much  better than others.

Steve Parker, M.D.

 

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Video of HIIT on Bicycle

A “stationary” bicycle

Gretchen Reynolds is the Phys Ed blogger at the New York Times.  She posted a five-minute demonstration of high intensity interval training on a stationary bicycle.  It’s narrated by Martin Gibala of McMaster University.

No mention of Tabata’s pioneering work.

-Steve

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AHA and ADA Position Paper On Non-Nutritive Sweeteners

The American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association just published a review paper on nonnutritive sweeteners, also known as low-calorie sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, noncaloric sweeteners, and intense sweeteners.  I quote from the conclusion section:

At this time, there are insufficient data to determine conclusively whether the use of NNS to displace caloric sweeteners in beverages and foods reduces added sugars or carbohydrate intakes, or benefits appetite, energy balance, body weight, or cardiometabolic risk factors.

With regard to nonnutritive sweeteners and glycemic response [in diabetics], 4 randomized trials that varied from 1 to 16 weeks in duration found no significant difference between the effects of nonnutritive sweeteners and various comparisons (sucrose, starch, or placebo) on standard measures of glycemic response (i.e., plasma glucose and insulin, HbA1c, C-peptide) and, in general, did not detect clinically relevant effects.

You’re welcome to read the entire document.

-Steve

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Women With Diabetes Can’t Get No Satisfaction

“I’ll be OK if my sugar doesn’t drop too low”

Well, that’s not entirely accurate.

MedPageToday reported on a study of sexual satisfaction in women.

“While many diabetic women are interested and engaged in sexual activity, diabetes is associated with a markedly decreased sexual quality of life in women,” they wrote.

Complications of diabetes — including heart disease, stroke, renal dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy — were associated with diminished sexual function among diabetic women, suggesting that “prevention of diabetic complications may be helpful in preventing sexual dysfunction,” in these patients, the researchers wrote.

Steve Parker, M.D.

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New Weight Loss Pill – Qsymia – Now Available in U.S.

“These are flying off the shelves!”

On July 17, 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the combination of topiramate and phentermine for weight loss and management.  They’ll be marketed in the U.S. as Qsymia.

The drugs individually had been approved by the FDA years ago for other purposes, so we already know a lot about them.  If memory serves me, phentermine alone is FDA-approved for weight loss, but only for “several weeks,” which many physicians interpret as up to 12.

The press releases from the FDA and Vivus, Inc., don’t say how long the combo drug can be used.  I’m guessing up to one year since that’s how long the clinical trials lasted.  Any longer than that, you’re on your own.

Who Can Take Qsymia?

Obese adults with a body mass index 30 or higher, or overweight adults with BMI 27 or higher if they have one or more weight-related condition such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, or high cholesterol.

You Should NOT Take Qsymia If You Have or Are:

  • Pregnant
  • Glaucoma
  • Overactive thyroid
  • Recent stroke
  • Recent unstable heart disease

If I Take the Pill, Do I Still Have to Exercise and Watch My Calories?

Yes.

What’s the Dose?

Phentermine 7.5 mg and topiramate 46 mg daily.  A double strength pill (15 + 92 mg) is available for select patients.

Final Thoughts

Lorcaserin (Belviq) is a weight loss drug approved by the FDA within the last month.  These are the first new weight loss drugs on the U.S. market since 1999.

Abbott voluntarily withdrew Meridia (sibutramine) from the U.S. market in 2010 due to concern about it causing heart attacks and strokes.

In 2008, the European Medicines Agency withdrew prescription-writing for the weight-loss drug rimonabant, citing concern about psychiatric side effects.

Between 1997 and 2007, five weight-loss drugs were removed from various markets around the world due to safety or effectiveness considerations: phenylpropanolamine HCl, dexfenfluramine HCl (e.g., Redux), fenfluramine HCl (Pondimin), diethylpropion HCl (Tenuate), and phentermine HCl (e.g., Ionamin).

It’s unknown whether weight-loss drug therapy reduces the morbidity and mortality of obesity over the long run.

I’ll wait at least two or three years before giving these new drugs to my patients—I’ve seen too many drugs withdrawn from the market because of adverse effects showing up years after drug approval.

Without permanent changes in lifestyle, lost weight is likely to return after you stop taking any weight-loss pill.

Clearly, drugs are no panacea.

Steve Parker, M.D.

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What Are the Best Exercises?

Thanks to Meredith @HIITMama for bringing this Whole9 project to my attention:

We brought together 12 fitness experts from a broad range of backgrounds–with bodies of experience ranging from weightlifting to track and field to mixed martial arts, and over two centuries of collective coaching experience–to ask them all the same question:

If you could only perform five exercise movements for the rest of your life, which five would you do? (Assuming your goals are general health, fitness and longevity, and not a specialized sport)*.

The answers may surprise you.

If you want an effective and time-efficient fitness program, I’d review this series carefully.  You may have to research some terms like Turkish get-ups, farmer carries, and dips.  Find examples at YouTube.

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